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The Honour of Clitheroe (also spelled ''Honor'') is an ancient grouping of manors and royal forests centred on Clitheroe Castle in Lancashire, England; an honour traditionally being the grant of a large landholding complex, not all of whose parts are contiguous. In the case of Clitheroe, this complex was loosely clustered around the ancient wapentake of Blackburnshire. ==History== Before the Norman Conquest, the lands of Blackburnshire were held by Edward the Confessor,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Domesday Book Online )〕 while Bowland was held by Tostig, son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex. In 1092, Roger de Poitou acquired a large part of what is now Lancashire, including the hundred of Blackburnshire. By the end of the 11th century, Poitou's landholdings had been confiscated and came into the possession of the De Lacys, Barons of Pontefract and Lords of Bowland.〔 In 1102, Henry I granted the fee of Blackburnshire and further holdings in Hornby,〔"The Medieval Borough of Hornby (Lancashire)", pp 187-92, Alan G Crosby, ed., ''Of Names and Places: Selected Writings of Mary Higham'' (English Place-Name Society 2007)〕 and the vills of Chipping, Aighton and Dutton in Amounderness to Robert de Lacy, 2nd Baron of Pontefract, while confirming his possession of Bowland.〔 These lands formed the basis of what became known as the Honour of Clitheroe. In 1205, Roger de Lacy purchased the barony of Penwortham and by 1212, he had added the manor of Rochdale.〔 In 1235, his son John de Lacy, acquired the fee of Tottington from Henry de Monewden.〔 The Honour passed by marriage from the De Lacys to Thomas, Earl of Lancaster in 1311 and subsequently, was incorporated into the Duchy of Lancaster.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica - Clitheroe )〕 The honour had been among the lands acquired by Queen Isabella in 1327, after she deposed Edward II.〔 In 1507, King Henry VII's Act of Disafforestation was a response to growing encroachment on the Royal Forests and paved the way for increased settlement within the Forests of Accrington, Bowland, Pendle, Rossendale and Trawden. In 1625, Charles I sold Rochdale to trustees for the Earl of Holderness,〔 and in 1628, the manor of Penwortham was also sold.〔 In 1661, King Charles II granted the Honour to General George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, in recognition of his support during the Restoration.〔 It then followed the inheritance of the Dukes of Albemarle, Dukes of Montagu and finally, the Dukes of Buccleuch. In 1827,the 5th Duke of Buccleuch inherited the Honour through his grandmother, the 3rd Duchess, but this was entailed upon his uncle, Henry James Montagu-Scott, 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton. In 1835, the Bowland portion was sold to Peregrine Towneley.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tracing the Towneleys 2004 )〕 Lord Henry Douglas-Scott-Montagu, great-nephew of the 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton, and second son of the 5th Duke of Buccleuch, inherited the Honour in 1845. In 1896, he set up the Clitheroe Estate Company as a vehicle for the exploitation of coal and other mineral wealth, within the lands of the Honour.〔 In 1939 the Towneley family sold the Bowland portion back to the Duchy of Lancaster. The 1938 Coal Act and subsequent nationalisation of the British coal industry led to the voluntary winding-up of the Company in 1945. In April that year, Tory MP Ralph Assheton, later 1st Baron Clitheroe, bought the residue of the land holdings from the Company for £12,500.〔Lancashire Record Office, LRO DDHCI, Box 37〕 Since 1945, the Barons Clitheroe have styled themselves ''Lords of the Honour of Clitheroe''; more formally, their legal style of address being "Lords of the Various Manors and Forests within the Honour of Clitheroe". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Honour of Clitheroe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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